Human Geography & Migration

How people are shaped by place, how they move across the Earth, and how societies relate to their environments.

K–12 objective ladder

• K D08.S3.K.01 Talk about a place they have been or a family story of moving, and draw or describe it.
• 1 D08.S3.01.01 Describe the place where they live, including land, water, weather, and living things, and one way it shapes how people live there.
• 1 D08.S3.01.02 Use a simple map or globe to find where they live and one other place, and tell one way the two places are different.
• 2 D08.S3.02.01 Explain what people need from their environment, such as water, food, shelter, and materials, and how people in different places meet those needs.
• 2 D08.S3.02.02 Describe how people adapt to a very different environment, such as a desert, a coast, or a cold region.
• 3 D08.S3.03.01 Describe reasons people move from one place to another, such as family, work, safety, or environment, using a story or example.
• 3 D08.S3.03.02 Explain how rivers, mountains, or climate shaped where people chose to settle and live.
• 4 D08.S3.04.01 Use maps to locate major landforms and bodies of water and explain how they shaped where and how people lived.
• 4 D08.S3.04.02 Explain how the environment affects how people get food, water, and shelter in different regions, and how people change the environment to meet their needs.
• 5 D08.S3.05.01 Trace the migration of a specific people and explain the push and pull reasons for their movement.
• 5 D08.S3.05.02 Explain how trade and travel connected peoples across land and sea and what moved with them, such as goods, ideas, plants, and animals.
• 6 D08.S3.06.01 Explain how people shape their environment and how the environment shapes people, using specific examples.
• 6 D08.S3.06.02 Analyze how the movement of plants, animals, and people between world regions changed environments and societies, using one historical example.
• 7 D08.S3.07.01 Compare voluntary and forced migration and analyze their causes and effects on the people who moved and the places involved.
• 7 D08.S3.07.02 Explain how geography, such as rivers, oceans, deserts, and mountains, helped connect or separate peoples and shaped the spread of ideas and goods.
• 8 D08.S3.08.01 Analyze how long-distance trade networks, such as the Silk Roads or Indian Ocean routes, connected peoples and moved goods, ideas, and beliefs.
• 8 D08.S3.08.02 Analyze how environmental change, such as drought, flood, or a shift in climate, has driven people to move and adapt, in the past and today.
• 9 D08.S3.09.01 Analyze how societies changed and were changed by their environments over long spans of time, including adaptation and cases of decline, using evidence.
• 9 D08.S3.09.02 Analyze the transatlantic slave trade and other forced migrations as global movements of people, and their lasting effects on societies, with care and respect.
• 10 D08.S3.10.01 Analyze how colonization reshaped populations, environments, and borders across the world, and its effects on Indigenous peoples.
• 10 D08.S3.10.02 Analyze modern migration and displacement driven by conflict, economy, and climate, and weigh their causes and human consequences.
• 11 D08.S3.11.01 Analyze the relationship between human settlement, resource use, and environmental change, such as deforestation or water scarcity, across regions.
• 11 D08.S3.11.02 Evaluate how climate change is reshaping where and how people can live, and weigh responses rooted in care and justice.
• 12 D08.S3.12.01 Trace global movements of peoples and power across deep time and synthesize how migration has shaped the human story.
• 12 D08.S3.12.02 Reflect on their own place in the ongoing movement of people and ideas, and their responsibility to a shared and changing Earth.

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