Data, Measurement & Probability

Measuring, collecting and making sense of data, and reasoning about chance and uncertainty.

K–12 objective ladder

• K D05.S4.K.01 Sort objects into groups by one feature and tell which group has more.
• 1 D05.S4.01.01 Collect and organize data into a simple chart or picture graph and answer questions about what it shows.
• 1 D05.S4.01.02 Tell and write time and identify the value of coins, using them in simple real situations such as buying a snack.
• 2 D05.S4.02.01 Measure length using standard units such as centimeters, meters, and inches, choosing the right tool for the job.
• 2 D05.S4.02.02 Draw and interpret picture graphs and bar graphs and answer questions about how many more or less.
• 3 D05.S4.03.01 Measure and estimate liquid volume and mass using standard units and solve real problems with them.
• 3 D05.S4.03.02 Draw scaled picture and bar graphs and use them to solve problems and make comparisons.
• 4 D05.S4.04.01 Convert measurements within a system and solve problems involving distance, time, volume, and money.
• 4 D05.S4.04.02 Make and interpret line plots with fractional measurements and answer questions about the data.
• 5 D05.S4.05.01 Convert among different-sized standard measurement units and use the conversions to solve real problems.
• 5 D05.S4.05.02 Represent and interpret data on line plots with fractions and use the data to solve problems.
• 6 D05.S4.06.01 Recognize and describe statistical variability, including the center, spread, and shape of a data set.
• 6 D05.S4.06.02 Summarize a data set with mean, median, mode, and range, and choose the measure that best answers a question.
• 7 D05.S4.07.01 Use random sampling to draw conclusions about a population and recognize bias in how data is collected.
• 7 D05.S4.07.02 Investigate chance processes and compute probabilities of simple and compound events.
• 8 D05.S4.08.01 Construct and interpret scatter plots for two related variables and describe patterns of association.
• 8 D05.S4.08.02 Fit a line informally to data to model a relationship, evaluate the fit, and explain that association does not prove causation.
• 9 D05.S4.09.01 Summarize and compare distributions of a single variable using plots and summary statistics.
• 9 D05.S4.09.02 Use two-way tables and conditional relative frequencies to explore relationships between categories, including questions of fairness.
• 10 D05.S4.10.01 Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret real situations such as screening tests and risk.
• 10 D05.S4.10.02 Use probability rules to compute probabilities of compound events and interpret expected value in everyday decisions.
• 11 D05.S4.11.01 Use the normal distribution and standard deviation to describe data and reason about variability and outliers.
• 11 D05.S4.11.02 Design and carry out a survey or experiment, and critique the sampling, bias, and conclusions it produces.
• 12 D05.S4.12.01 Use inferential reasoning, including margin of error, confidence, and significance, to evaluate claims made from data.
• 12 D05.S4.12.02 Detect and critique misleading statistics, data visualizations, and algorithmic bias in media and public life, and defend a conclusion with honest data.

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