Writing & Expression

Expressing ideas, stories, and feelings through written marks, from drawing and scribbling to composed text.

K–12 objective ladder

• K D04.S3.K.01 Draw, dictate, or write marks to express an idea and tell what they mean.
• 1 D04.S3.01.01 Write letters and simple words to express an idea, and read back what they wrote.
• 1 D04.S3.01.02 Compose one or more complete sentences about a topic or picture, using a capital letter and an end mark.
• 2 D04.S3.02.01 Write a short narrative of several sentences in order, using words such as first, next, and last.
• 2 D04.S3.02.02 Write a simple informative or opinion piece that states a topic or opinion and gives a reason.
• 3 D04.S3.03.01 Write a paragraph with a topic sentence, at least two supporting details, and a closing sentence.
• 3 D04.S3.03.02 Revise and edit their own writing for spelling, punctuation, and clarity, with support.
• 4 D04.S3.04.01 Write a narrative, informative, or opinion piece organized into paragraphs with clear ideas.
• 4 D04.S3.04.02 Use a simple writing process — plan, draft, revise, edit, and publish — on their own.
• 5 D04.S3.05.01 Write for different purposes and audiences, choosing an appropriate style and structure.
• 5 D04.S3.05.02 Gather information from several sources, note key facts, and write a short report in their own words.
• 6 D04.S3.06.01 Write a well-developed argument with a claim, reasons, evidence, and a response to a counterargument.
• 6 D04.S3.06.02 Use technology to draft, revise, and publish writing, including basic formatting of digital text.
• 7 D04.S3.07.01 Develop ideas with relevant, well-chosen details and precise language across a range of genres.
• 7 D04.S3.07.02 Give and use peer feedback to improve a piece of writing, and explain the choices made.
• 8 D04.S3.08.01 Write in multiple forms, including narrative, argument, and informational text, with coherent organization and voice.
• 8 D04.S3.08.02 Cite sources accurately in writing and distinguish their own words and ideas from those of others.
• 9 D04.S3.09.01 Write a research-supported argument that integrates and cites sources and evaluates conflicting evidence.
• 9 D04.S3.09.02 Compose for real audiences and purposes, such as letters, proposals, or published digital pieces.
• 10 D04.S3.10.01 Craft prose with deliberate style, varying sentence structure, word choice, and tone to suit purpose and audience.
• 10 D04.S3.10.02 Compose multimodal texts that combine writing, image, sound, and design, with attention to accessibility.
• 11 D04.S3.11.01 Write extended, original work — analytical, narrative, or creative — that develops a sustained idea or story.
• 11 D04.S3.11.02 Adapt writing across languages and registers, including translation or writing in a second language where possible.
• 12 D04.S3.12.01 Produce a sustained, polished piece of writing that demonstrates command of structure, style, and evidence for a chosen audience.
• 12 D04.S3.12.02 Write with clarity and care across disciplines and registers, using language ethically and precisely in a multilingual world.

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